Which navigation technique relies on visible landmarks?

Landmark navigation utilizes visible landmarks as reference points for determining position and course. This technique is particularly useful in coastal waters or in areas where navigable routes are marked by distinct physical features, such as mountains, buoys, or shoreline structures. By identifying and aligning these landmarks with their vessel's position, navigators can effectively chart their course and confirm their location.

In contrast, celestial navigation involves using celestial bodies like stars and planets for navigation, while compass guidance is based on magnetic bearings. Electronic navigation relies on GPS and other advanced technology to ascertain position and course, which does not depend on visible landmarks. Therefore, landmark navigation stands out as the technique specifically dependent on the visibility of distinct, physical reference points.