When conducting ship-to-shore communication, what is the primary mode of transmission used?

The primary mode of transmission for ship-to-shore communication is VHF radio. This choice is primarily due to its wide acceptance and usability in maritime operations. VHF radio provides reliable communication over relatively short distances, which is particularly useful for vessels operating in coastal areas and near ports. It is designed specifically for maritime communication, allowing for instant voice communication and enhancing safety by providing a dedicated frequency for ship-to-shore contact, as well as inter-ship communication.

Additionally, VHF radios are easy to use and are equipped to handle the necessary communication protocols for mariners, including distress calls and routine messages. While other options like SATCOM, infrared signaling, and satellite phones serve important roles in specific contexts, VHF radio remains the standard choice for daily ship-to-shore communications due to its accessibility and effectiveness in the maritime environment.