What factor is crucial for determining a ship's cargo capacity?

The overall dimensions and design of a ship are fundamental for determining its cargo capacity. This capacity, often referred to as the deadweight tonnage (DWT), is directly influenced by the hull's capacity to hold cargo, which is a function of its length, beam, and depth. The design also impacts how cargo is distributed within the vessel, which can affect stability and safety during transit.

While the type of goods being transported is important for considerations such as stowage and handling, it does not directly influence the capacity in terms of volume or weight that the ship can accommodate. Crew size and experience may affect operational efficiency but do not alter the physical capacity of the vessel. Similarly, a ship’s age and maintenance history pertain more to safety, suitability, and potential regulatory compliance issues rather than the actual cargo capacity defined by its design and dimensions. This makes the ship’s overall dimensions and design the primary factors for determining how much cargo it can carry.